Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

Which of the following best describes how struggles for dominance in Europe evolved?

1. They remained localized within individual countries

2. They began to take on a global character

3. They ceased altogether with international treaties

4. They were purely military without economic implications

The correct answer is: They began to take on a global character

The assertion that struggles for dominance in Europe began to take on a global character is accurate and reflects a significant transformation in the nature of conflicts during certain historical periods, particularly from the late 15th century onward. As European nations began to explore, colonize, and engage in trade with other parts of the world, local rivalries and conflicts expanded beyond continental boundaries. The Age of Exploration marked a pivotal moment when competition for overseas territories and trade routes among European powers such as Spain, Portugal, France, and Britain intensified, leading to conflicts that were not just confined to Europe but also involved colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. This global aspect was further emphasized during the era of imperialism in the 19th century when countries competed for dominance over vast territories and resources worldwide, fundamentally altering geopolitical dynamics. In contrast, the other options do not accurately encapsulate the evolution of these struggles. While it is true that some rivalries may have had localized aspects, the overarching trend was towards a global competition. The idea that struggles ceased altogether with international treaties overlooks the fact that treaties often contained terms that simply set the stage for future conflicts, indicating that the underlying issues of domination persisted. Moreover, to say that struggles were purely military is to ignore