Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What were European urban centers primarily focused on in the 1700s as their wealth increased?

1. Rural trade expansion

2. Cultural advancements

3. Commercial activities and trade

4. Military fortifications

The correct answer is: Commercial activities and trade

The primary focus of European urban centers in the 1700s was on commercial activities and trade. This period, particularly during the Age of Enlightenment and the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution, saw significant growth in cities as centers of commerce. As wealth increased due to burgeoning trade networks, colonial expansion, and the development of new markets, urban areas became hubs for merchants and traders. Cities thrived on the exchanges of goods, information, and services, leading to increased economic activity and the rise of a merchant class. The growth in shipping and the establishment of trade routes enhanced the importance of urban centers, contributing to their roles as vital commercial epicenters. This trend was also supported by improvements in transportation and communication, which facilitated trade. In contrast, while cultural advancements did occur during this time, they were often a byproduct of the wealth generated from trade and commerce rather than the primary focus. Rural trade expansion and military fortifications were less significant in comparison to the commercial boom that characterized this era, as cities aimed to capitalize on their rising economic status.