Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What does the presence of Bellona in the engraving best support regarding the artist's portrayal of the Catholic Habsburgs?

1. They were portrayed as the conquered

2. They were portrayed as the victors

3. They were portrayed as irrelevant in the conflict

4. They were portrayed as unworthy of rule

The correct answer is: They were portrayed as the victors

The presence of Bellona, the Roman goddess of war, in the engraving emphasizes the theme of victory associated with the Catholic Habsburgs. By including Bellona, the artist likely intends to symbolize the martial prowess and triumph of the Habsburgs in their military endeavors, particularly during conflicts such as the Thirty Years' War. Bellona represents victory on the battlefield, and her depiction indicates that the Habsburgs are aligned with success in warfare. In the context of the engraving, this portrayal suggests not only their military achievements but also their legitimacy and authority over their adversaries. The inclusion of a war goddess stresses the significance of their victories and the divine favor they might have in their quest for supremacy. Therefore, the representation of the Habsburgs as victors is reinforced by Bellona's presence, as it aligns the Catholic Habsburgs with themes of power and dominance in the historical narrative being conveyed.