Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What contributed to Britain becoming the dominant power by the late 1700s?

1. Military superiority over France

2. Control of African trade routes

3. Access to resources and advancements in finance and industry

4. Establishment of extensive colonies in Asia

The correct answer is: Access to resources and advancements in finance and industry

The selection of access to resources and advancements in finance and industry as the reason for Britain becoming the dominant power by the late 1700s accurately highlights the key factors that positioned Britain for unparalleled global influence during this time. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, was a transformative period that introduced new manufacturing processes, technological innovations, and infrastructure improvements, such as the railway system, which significantly boosted productivity and economic growth. Britain's access to abundant natural resources, particularly coal and iron, provided critical energy and raw materials necessary for industrial processes. Additionally, advancements in financial systems, including the establishment of the Bank of England and the development of modern banking practices, facilitated investment in industry and commerce. These financial innovations allowed for the effective mobilization of capital to support entrepreneurial ventures and expansion of businesses. While military superiority over France was a significant aspect of Britain's dominance, particularly during the conflicts of the 18th century, it was primarily Britain's economic power derived from its industrial capabilities that laid the foundation for its global pre-eminence. Control of African trade routes and the establishment of extensive colonies in Asia were also relevant developments; however, they were greatly influenced by the economic strength and industrial capacity of Britain, enabling the country