Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

The artist's portrayal of Maria Theresa was most likely a response to which of the following circumstances?

1. Political stability in Eastern Europe

2. Growing rivalries among European powers

3. Positive relations with the Ottoman Empire

4. Religious harmony within her realm

The correct answer is: Growing rivalries among European powers

The portrayal of Maria Theresa as an artist’s subject is closely related to the growing rivalries among European powers during her reign. Maria Theresa became the first and only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and her ascension to power in the mid-18th century coincided with significant geopolitical shifts. In particular, her rule was marked by the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the ongoing tension with Prussia, France, and other European entities vying for dominance. Artists often reflect the political climate of their time in their work. A portrait of Maria Theresa could serve not only as a personal representation of her as a monarch but also as a symbolic assertion of her power and legitimacy amid the challenges posed by rival states. This context can elevate her portrayal as a means of emphasizing her strength, authority, and political significance in a time of uncertainty and competition. The other circumstances, while relevant to her reign, do not resonate as directly with the public and artistic portrayals of her personality. For instance, political stability in Eastern Europe was not characteristic of her rule, as her reign was fraught with conflict and rivalries. Positive relations with the Ottoman Empire were limited, and while she did work towards religious harmony,