Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

In John Locke's reasoning about the people's right to establish new forms of government, what does he appeal to?

1. Historical examples of governance

2. Universal principles defining the function of government

3. Religious doctrines supporting monarchy

4. The importance of tradition in political matters

The correct answer is: Universal principles defining the function of government

John Locke argues for the right of the people to establish new forms of government based on universal principles that define the role and responsibilities of government. He emphasizes natural rights—namely, life, liberty, and property—as fundamental entitlements that governments are designed to protect. Locke posits that if a government fails to uphold these rights or becomes tyrannical, the populace not only has the right but also the obligation to alter or abolish that government. This emphasis on universal principles highlights the Enlightenment notion of rationality and the idea that legitimate authority derives from the consent of the governed rather than tradition or divine right. Locke's reasoning was foundational in shaping democratic thought and the development of constitutional governance.