Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

How do Robespierre and Burke differ in their views of liberty?

1. Robespierre believes liberty should be limited

2. Burke supports absolute freedom for all

3. Both see their perspectives as promoting liberty

4. Neither recognizes the value of liberty

The correct answer is: Both see their perspectives as promoting liberty

Robespierre and Burke both articulate views that they believe ultimately promote liberty, albeit in vastly different contexts and interpretations. Robespierre, as a leading figure of the French Revolution, sees liberty as tied to the principles of equality and the collective will of the people. He argues that true liberty can only be achieved through the establishment of a republic that embodies the general will, often justifying actions that may infringe on individual freedoms for the greater good. On the other hand, Burke, a critic of the French Revolution, emphasizes traditional liberties and gradual reform, arguing that liberty is best protected through established institutions and customs. He believes in the importance of order and stability as essential components of liberty, asserting that unrestrained freedom can lead to chaos and destruction. Thus, both thinkers believe their perspectives are aligned with promoting liberty, but they interpret and prioritize this concept differently based on their political philosophies and the circumstances of their times. This fundamental agreement on the value of liberty, despite their contrasting views, supports the correctness of the statement that both see their perspectives as promoting liberty.